Emoji and Theory of Symbolic Interaction

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Emoji and Theory of Symbolic Interaction

 

In 2015, an emoji stood out from a crowd of strong competitors and was named the annual high-frequency hot word by the Oxford Dictionary blog. The explanation given by the Oxford Dictionary for this symbol is “Face with Tears of Joy”. It is considered a variable, rapid, and affective replacement of text. The growth in use of emoji represents the increasing visualization and efficiency trends of communication in the 21st century. However, some scholars think that the frequent use of emoticons will lead to the degradation of individual literary or linguistic competence. Although traditional text does not have the visual characteristics, its semantic richness and rigorous grammatical structure can express rich emotions through the combination of different words and punctuation marks. Therefore, the ability to make sentences requires continuous practice in daily communication, while the use of emoticons greatly simplifies this process. In this essay, the significance of emoji in online social communication will be explored with reference to the theory of symbolic interaction. A qualitative approach is considered the most appropriate way to research on the topic, in the forms of interviews and questionnaires.

 

The main features of using emoji include flexibility, peer influence and situational adaptiveness. The use of emoji is not static, the explosive growth of the "laugh cry" expression shows that it is somehow “contagious” to use emoji. This effect can be verified by asking the respondents through questionnaire. From the perspective of audience psychology, individuals tend to catch up with the trend of certain ways of expression. The popularity of emoji expression may have produced a herd mentality, pushing more and more people to adopt this mode of communication. One emoji can also have different meanings, which is adaptable do different situations based on the context. The functions of emoticons include the visualization of emotions. The use of emoticons can make the expression of emotions more direct, vivid and easy to understand, as there is no language or cultural differences such as barriers. Reduction in misunderstandings is another function. Text messages can not reflect the mood and attitude of the sender. Most misunderstandings can be completely eliminated if the expressionist is able to add an emoji as a complement for the tone and voice. The exchange of text information often gives a mechanical, cold feeling, the use of emoticons can make the text more vivid, lively, narrowing the distance between the two sides, which is crucial in online communication.

 

Symbolic interaction theory advocates the study of individuals interacting with each other in everyday natural settings from an empirical perspective. The theory holds that things themselves cannot influence the behavior of individuals. The social behavior of individuals is influenced through their symbolic meanings. The symbol (symbolic meaning) derives from the interaction between individuals. The mode of transmission of the emoji is based on this theory. When X and Y communicate with each other through social media, X subjectively chooses to use "laugh cry" expression under the coordination of impulse and reason. When Y receives the emoticon, the symbol in the context of interaction between the two parties produces a consistent result with X. This use behavior of X also forms an objective impression in the mind of the individual Y that is humorous, trendy, and amiable. For Individual X, if this image meets its psychological expectations, it will be unified with the subjective perception of the self, and he or she will tend to use emoji more frequently in social media. For Individual Y, the impression of X leads to a positive emotional experience. Then Y tries to imitate X and will also use "laugh cry" emoji in social interactions.

 

The interactive media environment will also affect the construction of the identity for both parties. Compared with face-to-face forms of human interaction, web-based online social media communication can weaken the inequalities caused by the different social status between the two parties and establish a social scenario that is closer to equality. Imagine the difference between two individuals of different social status in the real world, and in online social networking platform, the difference is obvious. In the real world, people in lower social status need to pay attention to their own expressions, tone, attitude and wording in the process of communication, and they need to keep a high degree of concentration to make the most appropriate immediate response. In the online communication scene, people with lower social status can express their respect to the other party through visual emoticons, which effectively reduces the uncertainty of emotional expression, and narrows the distance between the two parties to create a positive interaction experience.

 

After entering the Internet era, audiences not only receive image information, but also take the initiative to use image information in online communications. This behavior has broken the online and offline barriers of social environment and affected individuals' language usage. Although the use of "emoji" cannot express complicated meanings like written language, individuals tend to use colloquial and expressive online languages instead of traditional phrases with complex meanings in their interactions. The use of emoji has not only been a supplement to traditional texts but has also become a weapon for the internet media to influence the social language culture. Through qualitative research such as interviews and questionnaires, combined with the theories of psychology and symbolic interaction, the exact influence and function of emoticons will be better understood.

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