美国作业代写：The scoring error

下面为大家整理一篇 的assignment代写范文- The scoring error，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了评分误差。评分误差是影响考试质量的主要因素之一。评卷人员可能会由于答卷某方面的优点长处非常明显，容易对此产生清晰明显的知觉，因而忽视其他方面的缺点不足，被局部的个别信息所左右，产生片面主观的判断，造成评分误差。

Scoring error is one of the main factors that affect the quality of examination. Generally speaking, the scoring error is permissible between 1-3 points. However, many studies have shown that some teachers can score 5-10 points or more in divide scores and real scores. The scoring error is too big to affect not only the students ' learning enthusiasm, but also the more important thing is that it can not correctly provide the information of diagnosis and improvement for teaching, which is the problem that our educators should pay attention to. The cause of the scoring error I think there are mainly the following aspects:

Also called halo effect. An exaggerated social impression formed in the process of interpersonal interaction. In the process of the individual's social perception, the first impression of each other is used to judge and infer other qualities without analysis. If one is initially considered good, he is enveloped by a positive aura, and people are apt to give him good qualities. On the contrary, a person is considered to be the worst, will be enveloped by a negative aura, people easily give him bad quality.

In daily life, people often make judgments that are positive or negative because they are hard-working and ignore the shortcomings of their abilities, or conceal the other virtues of their work because of their impatience. This is in the point of view, sweeping the situation, in the examination score is not uncommon. Performance for marking personnel because of the merits of some aspects of the answer is very obvious, it is easy to produce clear and obvious perception, and thus ignore other shortcomings, the local individual information about, resulting in one-sided subjective judgment, resulting in scoring errors. such as the discussion of the question, will be due to focus on the basic theory of the answer to explain the exact Shampe and ignore its examples of illustrative examples of atypical or even the shortcomings of the problem. In the composition of the performance is particularly prominent, marking staff often because the examinee article rhetoric of the ornate structure of the unique and ignore the defects of its content and even consciously unconsciously to give the answer does not exist, but also because of the composition of several typos in the influence of the marking staff to create a bad impression. Under this kind of halo-shrouded effect, the merit of the questionnaire is more and more generalized, and its score is naturally much higher than the actual achievement level, which affects the accuracy and objectivity of the score.

The order effect in the score refers to the inconsistency of grading in the grading of papers appearing in different order, or the tendency of inconsistent grading or excessive loose. The initial effect makes the marking personnel to the examination standard grasps before and after the inconsistency, appears Bosson or the front loose after tight phenomenon. The majority of them are Bosson. This is because the marking staff began to test the standard of the master is not the bottom, most of them have a strict grasp of the standard mentality, and the review part of the test paper, standard control gradually stabilized, thus showing the trend of Bosson. Plus some major exams, such as the college entrance examination often means consecutive days of continuous combat, and the marking itself is a mental consumption of labor, marking staff prone to physical and mental fatigue. In this case, it is bound to affect the uniformity and continuity of the implementation of test standards, and there is a Bosson, wide and strict inconsistent phenomenon. In addition, some of the marking staff will feel at the beginning of the test standard too loose, until later some paper scores have more than the highest points of the trend, or high points of concentration is difficult to time and strict grasp, thus forming a "before loose tight."

Also called the contrast effect, refers to the marking staff to distinguish between the correct and inferior answer to a contrast mentality. This is because people in the comparison of things, often because of the choice of reference objects different to make different judgments. When the Reference object is "perfect", others have a feeling of being eclipsed; conversely, under the background of a poor reference object, it makes a good impression on the object of comparison. The contrast effect of this kind of psychological contrast is shown in the marking: A. For the first appearance of the solution, marking staff often think of it as "novel and Unique", "creative spirit"; then the answer to the first time is quite, even a bit smart, marking staff will also produce "identical", "no new" sense, The result is the difference between the high and low grades, and the scale deviation. B. When the marking staff in the continuous evaluation of several higher quality of the answer, to see a poor paper, the score may be low; On the other hand, after the review of a few of the higher quality answers to see a slightly better test paper, it may be a high score. Sometimes, a question if the examinee goalless continuously, and encounters individual examinee to answer, then this question's score may be higher the actual deserved score. The result of contrast effect often deviates from test scoring standard, which affects its stability, and results in unfair and impersonal score.

The effect or effect of a first impression or view on something that is once again known as the first effect. In social intercourse, the impression left by the first meeting of two strangers will have a certain influence on the future communication. This phenomenon also exists in the course of examination scoring, and the first impression of the marking staff on the test paper will have a certain effect on the score. The main performance in: First, the paper is neat or not, handwriting writing neat norms of the beautiful or not will have an impact on marking. Generally speaking, except for the specialized calligraphy examination, the divide neat and the calligraphy level is not the examination measurement goal. But in the actual marking, the neatness of the paper, the graceful and fluent handwriting, the orderly arrangement will give the marking staff better impression, most can get a better score, and the response to alteration defaced more, the ranks of the distorted, illegible handwriting gives a poor impression, even if the answer is correct, the score will be discounted. Second, the candidates in the beginning part of the question of the quality will also be the impact of scoring.

Different people whose hobbies and interests are different, in the examination paper, the differences in interest in this hobby often make the raters to form the characteristics of the marking preferences and grading style, thus affecting the objectivity and consistency of scoring. For example, the grading of paper-type questions, some people only accept the same answer to the standard answers, there is no deviation of the solution, and some raters only require "sorta", can answer the gist of giving high marks. From the composition, some people like gorgeous and beautiful rhetoric, some prefer plain language, some appreciate the rigorous logic of the article, some value the structure of the article, while others pay attention to the profundity of the content. As a result, the same article will naturally draw a different score under the different raters ' critique. Other types of subjective questions such as computational questions, the argumentation question, the inference question and so on, some raters pay attention to the careful ingenious reasoning, some are accustomed to according to the formula use and the result correctness to score, some is biased in the textbook knowledge content application, some appreciates examinee's originality .... The unique habits and preferences of the raters will undoubtedly bring different degrees of error to the score.

The action and influence of the emotion on the cognition of the person is happening all the while. The influence of the raters ' emotion on the score mainly manifested in: a when the marking staff mood is happy, work up to have the drive, the thought agile attention concentration, the grading careful careful, but when its mood is annoyed, not only the attention disperses, the grading is arbitrary, and may use the score to vent the heart's displeasure b When the raters are upset, melancholy dissatisfaction, they see is the answer to the error, missing, not easy to see the merits of the answer, so the points will be lower, and if the mood is good, then in the score will unconsciously tolerance to the error, the score will be higher. So that the scoring wide strict misconduct, loss of objectivity.

Therefore, in order to ensure the fairness of the examination, impartiality, we should create a tolerant, harmonious, comfortable marking atmosphere and environment, enhance the teacher's sense of responsibility, remind each other, more than a responsibility, less careless, and take the reply return, score, scores, and multiple scoring methods. We believe that the scoring error can be reduced or even avoided.

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