服务承诺

In this paper, the female college students in China are taken as the participants of investigation, trying to understand the consciousness and behavior of college female students to participate in sports exercise through the methods of literature, questionnaire and interview, and give a reasonable plan to cultivate their consciousness and behavior to participate in physical exercise.

Results and Findings

1. The initiative of female college students to participate in extracurricular sports activities shows a downward trend with the growth of age.

2. Their participation in sports activities is relatively simple, mainly badminton, volleyball and other competitive events

3. Some senior female students have a higher awareness of the importance of participating in extracurricular sports activities, but their enthusiasm to participate in fitness has declined.

4. Facilities, sports, organization and management of extracurricular sports activities are the objective factors affecting female college students to participate in sports activities.

KEY WORDS: female students, sports activities, sports consciousness, sports behavior

1.1 Introduction

With the development of physical education in China, the sports cultural life of college students has changed dramatically. Some new and fashionable sports, such as billiards, archery, golf, boulder and so on, are becoming popular in the university campus. These sports greatly enrich the campus culture, and also enrich the extracurricular life of teachers and students. College students are the builders of China's future. Their physical exercise quality has an important impact on China's future comprehensive strength. With the continuous progress and development of society, the social components have also changed. The former college students mainly face the academic pressure and economic pressure. With the continuous progress of society, the pressure of college students also increases, such as: academic pressure, economic pressure, employment pressure, family pressure, etc., which have caused greater psychological burden and mental burden to today's college students, and is extremely adverse to their physical health. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the development of College Students' physical and mental health. Physical exercise can not only strengthen the physique of college students, but also release their psychology, get rid of the mental perplexity brought by study, life, employment and other factors, adjust themselves and reflect their own value through physical exercise.

Female college students are an important part of college students. According to the current survey and research in China, female college students account for more than one-third of the total number of college students. Female college students are the future of China, and they need to bear the social and family responsibilities in the future. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of China's future society and family, school must pay attention to and cultivate the physical and mental health of female college students. So what measures should schools take to improve the physical and mental quality of female college students. Practice has proved that: purposeful, planned and organized physical exercise for female college students is a practical and good way. Through physical exercise, not only can the comprehensive physical quality of female college students be improved, but also can make them make great progress in speed, endurance, flexibility, sensitivity, coordination, explosive force and so on. It also has great help in the aspects of emotional stability, concentration of attention, reaction speed of action and will quality. Therefore, the school should carry out various sports, comprehensively cultivate the physical and psychological quality of female college students, so that they can form correct sports values, and develop lifelong sports awareness.

In this paper, the female college students in China are taken as the participants of investigation, trying to understand the attitude and behavior of college female students to participate in sports exercise through the methods of literature, questionnaire, and give a reasonable plan to cultivate their attitude and behavior to participate in physical exercise. Based on the analysis of the present situation of female students' participation in physical exercises in China's colleges and universities, what problems need to be solved urgently in the process of their participation in physical exercises: how can schools better and pertinently solve the problem of female students' participation in physical exercises; how to cultivate female students' good attitude and behavior in physical exercises; How to guide Chinese college women to change their good attitude towards physical exercise into healthy and scientific physical exercise behavior. Through the analysis of this paper, this paper hopes that it can help Chinese college women to form healthy physical exercise behavior, and provide advice and suggestions for Chinese college women to better participate in physical exercise, so that they can experience the fun of participating in physical exercise.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Women's sports in America, Germany and Japan

Messner (2002) elaborated the development history and current situation of American female college students' sports. With the reform of American school sports, the change of sports structure and the change of sports concept, the current situation of female college students' sports policy is: the sports management, form and plan of female college students have made some progress through the reform of sports policy, not behind the development of men's sports (Osipov et al.2017). In the United States, female college students have their own characteristics in physical exercise. It mainly presents the following three forms of organization: extracurricular sports activities in class, extracurricular sports activities between schools and sports associations or clubs (PROMIS, erevelles & Matthews, 2001).

Brettschneider (2001) thinks that in Germany, school sports and social sports are organically combined without too obvious classification. The contents and forms of physical exercise are rich and varied, and the atmosphere of female college students' physical exercise is very good.

Ikeda (2010) analyzes the Japanese sports culture from the training objectives. Compared with China's focus on the progress of human reality, Japan pays more attention to the stimulation of human potential.

2.2 Women's sports in China

This paper searched the articles about Chinese college students' physical exercise on the Internet, and the results showed that there are four types of articles: the research on the reform of physical exercise activities; the research on the current situation and influencing factors of physical exercise; the research on the function of physical exercise activities; the research on the development mode of extracurricular physical activities. Among the four research types, 3.1% are about the reform of physical exercise, 30.3% are about the status quo investigation and influencing factors, 58.1% are related to the function of physical exercise, and 8.5% are related to the mode of extracurricular physical activity. From the above studies, 6.3% of the research literatures are devoted to female college students. For example, Liang (2006) & Fung (1992) proposed to reform physical education, focusing on improving female college students' awareness of physical exercise and their ability to independently carry out physical activities, and physical education should conform to the characteristics of female college students themselves. Li, Kawabata & Zhang (2018) conduct a survey of 700 female students, the results showed that: Female College Students' awareness of physical exercise was not strong, the level of sports consumption was low, the main activity in leisure time was learning, followed by Internet, shopping, and did not integrate physical exercise into life. Through the analysis, this paper ranks the reasons for the weak awareness of female college students in order of importance: cultural environment factors, social environment factors, psychological factors, physiological factors, natural environment factors. Hu & ye (2017) conducted a questionnaire survey on the current situation of female college students' physical exercise in some colleges and universities, and compared the female college students in public colleges and private colleges in some aspects of physical exercise, found out the gap between them and analyzed the reasons, so as to provide a theoretical reference for further comprehensive development of female college students' physical exercise, The results show that female college students have a more comprehensive understanding of the significance of physical exercise, but the sports behavior is not positive enough, the time, frequency and intensity of exercise are not enough, and need to be further improved. Chang & Lin (2007) thinks that there are many factors that affect the physical exercise behavior of female college students, personal interest is the main reason, followed by time arrangement and sports habits, and then external factors. Li & Zhang (2000) and LV & Takami (2015) pointed out that college students' self exercise ability is poor, and their awareness of physical exercise needs to be strengthened, and put forward countermeasures to cultivate their awareness of physical exercise. Chung, Liu & Chen (2013) and Kerr, Au & Lindner (2004) have studied the consciousness of physical exercise of Postgraduates in Colleges and universities. The results show that they have a very positive attitude to the benefits of physical exercise to personal physical and mental health, but they lack the awareness of active exercise, and lack of physical exercise knowledge. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance of the consciousness of physical exercise of postgraduates to combine entertainment, knowledge seeking, creation and intellectual development. Riordan & Jinxia (1996) pointed out that physical education class should extend to extracurricular physical education. It is the inevitable trend of physical education in Colleges and universities to combine the in class teaching with extracurricular physical education. Hai Yuan (2003) put forward that to strengthen the extracurricular physical exercise, we should strengthen the consciousness of physical exercise, cultivate the interest of physical exercise, strengthen the guidance of physical exercise, and strengthen the propaganda of physical education so that students can clearly understand the value of physical exercise. Feng & bin (2008) tested college students' body shape such as: height, weight, chest circumference) and physical ability (speed, endurance, flexibility, sensitivity, strength, explosive force), and concluded that the current college students' body shape indicators are healthier than before, while the physical ability indicators have declined in different degrees. In view of the current situation of College Students' physical exercise, this paper proposes to strengthen the physical quality exercise of college students, cultivate the awareness and ability of physical exercise, improve the teaching methods and methods of physical education, cultivate students' interest in learning, fundamentally change students' learning state of physical education, and actively guide students to participate in physical education. Jian (2004) studied the current situation of College Students' physical exercise by studying the motivation, form, recognition and teaching reform of College Students' participation in physical exercise, and put forward that firstly, college students' awareness and knowledge of physical exercise should be strengthened; secondly, students' process evaluation should be emphasized, change the single evaluation method (Ying, 2011); Wu & Zhang (2009) and Chung & Liu (2013) think that to strengthen the reform of physical education, all of them are developing in the direction of improving students' physical quality and life-long physical consciousness.

To sum up, China and other sports powers in the world have formed a certain theoretical system for the specific theoretical research on the sports awareness and behavior of college women, but there is no systematic and comprehensive research on the influencing factors. In terms of the reasons for influencing the physical exercise of female college students, it mainly focuses on the analysis of personal interests, sports environment and other aspects, The analysis of influencing factors is not comprehensive and thorough enough. In addition, there are still many problems to be solved in the physical exercise of female college students.

Therefore, this paper starts from the current situation of Chinese female college students' physical exercise, finds problems in the current situation, aims to comprehensively and deeply analyze the influencing factors of the problems, and provides some countermeasures for promoting the current situation of female college students' physical exercise, and provides some theoretical basis for the research in this field.

2.3 Methods to improve women's sports activities

Jian Ping (2000), Wang & Biddle (2003) pointed out that women's sports events need to pay attention to dance sports and recreational sports. Kondric, et al. (2013) and masmanidis, gargalianos & Kosta (2009) argue that colleges and universities need to take students as the main body of education. Teachers should only play a guiding role, pay attention to cultivating students' own needs and habits, provide more opportunities for students to show themselves, and emphasize the overall development of students. Wallhead & ntoumanis (2004) pointed out that college students' sports activities should be organically integrated with mass activities, and advocated developing people's sports behavior ability in sports teaching, attaching importance to the cultivation of students' sports attitude, making use of traditional sports means and non-traditional sports means to enrich and diversify the activities and create a good sports atmosphere for female college students. Kwon & Armstrong (2004) believed that only by providing students with high-quality teaching quality can they improve their sports skills and self-confidence. Noormohammadpour, et al. (2016) believed that only by improving students' physical fitness and sense of responsibility related to health and making them enjoy the process of physical exercise can they achieve the purpose of cultivating students' awareness of physical exercise and forming lifelong physical education. According to crust, et al. (2012), refining the level of students, dividing students into different levels of sports, targeted teaching, and cultivating students' interest in sports can have a positive impact on students' participation in sports activities. From the perspective of social sports consciousness and law, Wei (2011) & Smith (1990) pointed out that "sports undertakings are public welfare undertakings and sports venues are non operational entities", which is the main sports resource management system in developed countries. Tang & Wang (2010) believed that the purpose of investment in the construction of stadiums and gymnasiums, whether government, society or individuals, should be non-profit, in order to meet the needs of people's physical exercise and make sure that such awareness and legal provisions do not allow investors to build venues free of charge, and investors will get some other preferential policies from the government, such as tax relief, preferential transfer of land use rights, etc. In the United States, many individuals and enterprises are willing to engage in social welfare undertakings, because they can not only enjoy the government's tax cuts for them, but also get a good reputation, so as to improve their social status. Therefore, at the legal and policy level, the United States has greatly encouraged people to invest in social public welfare undertakings, and sports hardware will also receive their public welfare investment (Houlihan, 2002).

3.0 Theoretical framework

In this paper, the influencing factors of college women's physical exercise are mainly analyzed from two aspects of sports consciousness and sports behavior.

3.1 Sports consciousness

Sports consciousness is a part of sports culture. From the perspective of psychology, it refers to the reflection of the objective sports phenomenon in people's mind, and the sum of people's feeling, understanding and judgment of sports activities. In the process of sports activities, people's external behavior will inevitably lead to psychological changes. In this psychological process, people will have an understanding of the sports activities they are engaged in, and gradually form sports consciousness. In other words, sports consciousness is a kind of spiritual embodiment of human brain's judgment and reflection on sports activities. People need to understand the function of sports and sports activities through the practice of sports activities, and recognize their effectiveness, in order to find the demand for sports and carry out sports behavior. It is directly affected by people's cognition, emotion and other factors.

3.1.1 Sports Cognition

Cognition can be said to be one of the more complex concepts in psychology. Cognition is a complex psychological activity for individuals to understand the world, and cognitive ability is one of the most important psychological abilities. Modern psychologists believe that cognition is a kind of psychological activity in which individuals accept, code, store, extract and use cognitive information in practice. The ability to complete these psychological activities is called cognitive ability. Cognitive state is the initial form of sports consciousness, that is to say, only when sports activities are cognized first, can the complete form of sports consciousness be produced. Sports cognition is consistent with people's health goals and needs. It is based on cognition and sports experience. Due to the combination, assimilation and adaptation of various factors in the process of education, this value cognition has the trend of constantly surpassing its original thinking pattern, and constantly affects people's evaluation, selection and behavior. College women's cognition of physical exercise has made great progress, but there is still one-sided understanding of sports activities, and the understanding is still not comprehensive and thorough. The main factors influencing women's sports cognition are women's interest and attitude to participate in sports behavior.

3.1.2 sports emotion

Emotion is a kind of reflection form of people's experience of objective things, and their own activities. The emotional state is the premise of producing sports consciousness and dominates its future development trend. Sports emotion refers to people's feeling and evaluation of sports activities. Women's emotion to sports is mainly manifested in the choice of sports events, the allocation of time for participating in sports activities and so on.

This paper intends to investigate and analyze women's sports consciousness from the following three aspects: 1. Women's interest in physical exercise. The degree of women's interest in sports refers to the degree to which women like sports and . 2. Women's recognition of the importance of sports activities. 3.Women's cognition of sports function. For college women, the functions of sports include: to be healthier; to improve learning efficiency; to keep a good body shape; to be welcomed by teachers and classmates; to achieve better sports results; to avoid being criticized by parents for not exercising; to be closer to idols.

3.2 sports behavior

The concept of sports behavior is relatively broad, and all behaviors related to sports or completed through sports activities are called sports behaviors. Bu(2008) and Jiangchuan (2004) think that sports is the most basic form of sports behavior. Guo-Hua (2006)believes that social objective factors and internal psychological factors are the inducements of a person's sports behavior.

This paper intends to investigate and analyze women's sports behavior from the following three aspects 1. Sports events; 2. Frequency of physical exercise; 3. Factors affecting sports behavior, mainly from external objective factors and internal psychological factors, including: support of people around, lack of sports facilities, lack of guidance, learning pressure, physical discomfort, boring teaching environment, low self-esteem of sports skills, do not want people to find themselves wearing Sportswear.

4.0 Research purpose

People's healthy development is one of the important material bases of national development, social progress and personal happiness, and also an important symbol and potential power of social progress recognized by the world. But as people's lifestyles have changed dramatically, which make people's physical activity decrease, mental activity increase, life rhythm accelerate, psychological pressure increase, and cause increasingly serious threat to human health. Therefore, the times call for health, people need health. With the deepening of China's higher education reform, more and more women are able to enter the university campus and receive higher education. They have the same opportunities to study and compete with men. Female college students have become a noticeable group among the female groups in today's Chinese society, and they are also a large group participating in the "national fitness" in China. Their sports awareness and behavior in school will have a significant impact on whether they can continue to adhere to physical exercise after graduation and become a real lifelong sportsman. In addition to the common characteristics of general young college students, female college students in adolescence have their unique physiological, psychological characteristics, ideological and moral characteristics as a special group.

This paper believes that studying the current situation of college women's sports activities, understanding the characteristics and laws of their sports behaviors, and summarizing the existing problems will help to better meet the physical needs of female college students, and lay a good foundation for them to move towards the society.

5.0 Methodology

5.1 Research object

The subjects of the study are 334 Female Freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors in Wuhan University of Hubei Province. Their grade distribution is as follows: freshmen accounted for 21.64%, sophomore accounted for 14.18%, junior accounted for 42.54%, senior accounted for 21.64%.

Figure 1

5.2 Research method

5.2.1 Questionnaire survey

5.2.1.1 Questionnaire design

Through consulting a large number of literature, determine the content of the questionnaire. By asking for the opinions of the department of physical education and physical education teachers of colleges and universities, and some college women, the original questionnaire was revised. The second draft of the formal questionnaire was formed by consulting the experts' opinions and making further modifications. The contents of the questionnaire include the grade, times, time, intensity, sports values, sports attitude, motivation, favorite sports items, influencing factors of participating in physical exercises, etc.

5.2.1.2 Form of questionnaire distribution

First of all, 50 copies of the questionnaire were forwarded in the form of friend circle among college women. The questionnaire of the trial survey will be recycled, and the final questionnaire will be formed according to the suggestions of experts and the results of the questionnaire. 300 copies of the questionnaire will be forwarded among college women by using the circle of friends.

5.2.1.3 Questionnaire analysis tools

Mathematical statistics

I will use SPSS mathematical statistics software to carry out regression analysis on the variables of the questionnaire survey, and use tables and charts to directly, vividly and concisely reflect the basic mathematical characteristics of the data.

6.0 Results

6.1 Sports consciousness

6.1.1 sports preference

item
		frequency	Percentage
Do you like sports activities?	Very disagree	43.00	12.87%
	disagree	73.00	21.64%
	neither supports nor oppose	38.00	11.19%
	agree	70.00	20.90%
	Very agree	110.00	33.58%
	total	334.00	100.00%

Table 1

It can be seen from table 1 that 12.87% of college students think "very disagree", 21.64% think "disagree",11.19%think "never supports nor oppose", 20.9% think "agree" and 33.58% think "very agree".

6.1.2 Recognition of the importance of sports activities

item		frequency	Percentage(%)
item		frequency	Percentage(%)
Do you think sports are important	Very unimportant	5	1.49
	unimportant	5	1.49
	neither supports nor oppose	47	13.43
	important	197	59.7
	Very important	80	23.88
	total	334	100

Table 2

It can be seen from table 2 that the female respondents attach great importance to sports participation, with “very important” accounting for 1.49%, “unimportant” for 1.49%, “neither supports nor opposite ” for 13.43%, “important” for 59.7% and “very important” for 23.88%.

6.1.3 Sports function

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item		grade
item		freshmen	sophomore	Junior	Senior	frequency	Percentage(%)
Better health	Very disagree	33.33%	0.00%	33.33%	33.33%	8	2.24%
	neither supports nor oppose	100.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	3	0.75%
	agree	11.32%	20.75%	16.98%	50.94%	132	39.55%
	Very agree	14.29%	23.38%	24.68%	37.66%	191	57.46%

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